每年暑期，ETS都会召集一批暑期实习生集中进行TOEFL考题素材收集和初步编辑。

透过其笔试材料，我们可以初步了解ETS的出题过程、思路和要求，见招拆招，搞定综合写作。

先上概述, 这一部分主要说了一下试题形式和结构，有经验的托友一定不会觉得陌生。

阅读和听力都围绕三个相同的分论点进行论述，一般都是听力列出理由推翻阅读材料的观点。

“One partof the TOEFL iBT® Writing testassesses the examinee’s ability to write in response to a two-part stimulus onan academic subject. The stimulus consists of a reading passage followed by arecorded lecture on the same topic. After reading the passage and listening tothe lecture, the examinee is directed by a ‘prompt’ for a written response. Atypical prompt is “Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure toexplain how they cast doubt on the specific points made in the readingpassage.” The stimulus and prompt together constitute the writing item.

Thereading passage part of the stimulus is between 250 and 300 words long. It begins with abrief introduction that explains an issue, practice, position, theory, orexplanation. The reading states a thesis, that is, a position in favor of oragainst this practice, issue, explanation, etc., and then presents threeclear and distinct arguments thatsupport the thesis.

Thelecture is on the same topic as the reading, and rebuts each of readingpassage’s three arguments. The lecture does not restate (though it may alludeto) the arguments of the reading, but it presents arguments of its own that“line up” with and counter the specific arguments presented in the Reading. Thelecture script is no more than 300 words.”

ETS给出了一个表格用来组织阅读和听力材料，我们可以借鉴这个表格来记笔记。

再来看看ETS对出题人提出的出题要求：

以为最终考察的是写作能力，因此阅读和听力材料都会使用较为简单的语言。阅读和听力较弱的小朋友也不要担心，好好把握。

各个分论点之间不能交叉。所以，一定要充分重视阅读材料！ 千万不要陷入听力比阅读重要的误区！

因此，建议小伙伴们在读文章的时候按照上文ETS给出的表格，记下总观点、分论点以及分论点的论据。最后在根据听力段子把听力的论点和论据补充完全。这样成文的时候就能很快完成对同一个分论点阅读和听力两方的阐述和对比。

前两点对总体框架进行了说明，下面我们再来看看应该如何处理分论点。

1) 每一个分论点都要给出basis, grounds, evidence for the conclusion(the thesis)。所以我们可以从这三面下手，有选择的记录和接受信息。

2) 阅读和听力的关系：听力的批驳是基于阅读材料给出的论据进行批驳的。

比如说，阅读材料在论述天气原因造成恐龙灭绝这一分论点中提到天气变冷使得恐龙灭绝，那么听力材料可能会给出依据证明阅读所说的气温下降是不可能的，或者说气温下降不足以使恐龙灭绝。

“The rebuttal of the lectureis not just a contrary opinion, and the rebuttal cannot ignore the reading argument. Each of the three lecture rebuttalshas to engage the reading argument of the corresponding point.” It has to undermine the evidence,or provide an alternative explanation of the evidence, or take issuewith an assumption explicitly or tacitly made in using the evidence to supportthe Reading thesis. One can call the accuracy of the Readingevidence into question, “new data suggeststhat...”, but one cannot rebut the reading argument just by disagreeing withthe argument’s conclusion.

最后给出ETS提供的一些已经出好的题目和原始文章供大家研究学习。

值得注意的是，托福综合写作与阅读、听力紧密相连，因此这些原始资料同样也可以用来出听力和阅读题目。

以上就是小新和大家分享的《托福综合写作出题思路》了解更多托福备考资讯，欢迎登录广州新栋方学校官网gz.xdf.cn进行查看。