完型填空：对应成分分析法

由于完型文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，句子的各个成分之间便形成一定的对应关系，考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分作为线索，通过对应的已知成分推断出未知填空的答案。

(1)应用于句子内部

举例：某年完型试题的第45题

“Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements- usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen , and 45 nitrogen.”

[A]mostly

[B]partially

[C]sometimes

[D]rarely

答案：[C]sometimes

小新说：本题是一个典型的可以应用“对应成份分析法”解出的题：从上述分析可以看出，45题与usually形成对应关系：因为usually是频度副词，所以45题起码要选择频度副词，可以马上排除不是频度副词的选项[A]mostly和[B]partially。[D]rarely(很少)虽然是频度副词，但由于45题与usually之间是and并列的逻辑关系，而rarely与usually是转折对立的关系，所以不对。只有[C]sometimes，既是频度副词，又可以与usually形成并列的逻辑关系。

(2)应用于上下句之间

举例：某年完型试题的第46题

“Vitamins are similar because they aremade of the same elements--usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and 45 nitrogen. They are different 46 their elements are arranged differently.”

[A]in that

[B]so that

[C]such that

[D]except that

答案：[A]in that

小新说：本题应用“对应成份分析法”，分析如下：本题所在的这句话的句子结构与本段的第一句的结构一模一样：通过上述分析，可以非常明确地看出46题与上句中的because形成对应，也就是说46题再选出一个表示because的选项，答案为[A]in that。

举例：某年年完型试题的第49题

“(48 Getting)enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for 49 vitamins.”

[A]exceptional

[B]exceeding

[C]excess

[D]external

答案：[C]excess

小新说：本题可应用“对应成份分析法”，分析如下：本题需要选出一个修饰vitamins的形容词，我们发现前边的从句中也有一个修饰vitamins的形容词enough，而且前后两句有着明确的逻辑关系-让步关系的主从句。

通过上述分析，可以非常明确地看出49题与上句中的enough形成对应成份，而且两者为对立的关系，所以本题的答案就是去4个选项中找一个与enough对立的选项即可，[C]excess是enough的对立选项，故为正确答案。

完型填空：无关词排除法

完型文章一般都有非常明确的中心主线，且整个文章很紧凑，就是紧紧围绕着中心主线展开。因此，理论上正确的选项一定是紧扣文章的主题和中心主线的。故而，一些看上去明显和文章主题和中心主线毫无关系的选项基本上可以排除在正确答案之外。

举例：某年考研完型试题的第35题

“bill that will propose making payments to witnesses(34 illegal)and will  strictly control the amount of35———that can be given to a case.”

[A]publicity

[B]penalty

[C]popularity

[D]peculiarity

答案:[A]publicity

小新说：此题可以应用“无关词排除法”。本题所考查的名词处于这样一个句子结构中：作为control的宾语;后边还受到一个定语从句的限制。根据文章的主题，可以发现3个选项[B]penalty(惩罚)、[C]popularity(流行度)、[D]peculiarity(古怪度)与文章的主题根本无关，政府不可能去控制这些东西。政府要控制的是选项[A]publicity(公开度)。

完型填空：总分结构对照分析法

由于总分之间的基本关系是互相支持，互相印证的对照关系，而且总述是对分述的总结和概括，而分述是对总述的展开。当一些未知填空出现在总述句时，解出这些填空的相关联已知线索往往可以在与其对应的分述部分找到。

举例：某年完型试题的47题

（1）应用于形容词的例子

“If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 47. He must either sell some of his property or (48 seek)extra funds in form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low (49 rate)of interest, but loans of this kind are not 50 obtainable.”

[A]self-confident

[B]self-sufficient

[C]self-satisfied

[D]self-restrained

答案：[B]self-sufficient

小新说：本题处在一个总述句中：If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 47。在此句话之前，文章都是在讲If surplus is available(有赢余的情况下)，农民的生活如何;实际上，从文章结构来看，从本题开始出现了另一个意群，而If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 47为这个意群的总述句，即如果没有赢余，农民会怎样？

所以，仅仅看本题所在的句子所包含的已知信息是不够的，还要看其他地方的相关已知信息，这个关键的相关已知信息就在分述部分;因为总述部分是对分述部分的高度概括，只要总结出分述部分，本题答案就迎刃而解。

总结一下分述部分很容易判断出47题的答案一定是[B]self-sufficient,因为总述句中的not be self-sufficient恰恰是对分述的最佳概括。

举例：某年完型试题的45题

（2）应用于动词的例子

“Successful safety programs may 45 greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by (46 observing)rules or regulations. (47 Still) others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.”

[A]alter

[B]differ

[C]shift[

D]distinguish

答案：[B]differ

小新说：45题所考查的动词处于本段的总述句中，既然分述所做的是“秉承总述的旨意”，我们通过分析分述的内容就可以倒推出总述的意思。

通过分述可以总结出“3种都是成功的安全项目(主语)”做的动作都是“将重点放置于(谓语)”，“但所放置的点不同(宾语)”。由此分述总结出总述句的主语Successful safety programs所要做的动作(46题)就是“differ”。

举例：某年完型试题的21题

（3）应用于介词

“Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened(21). As was discussed before, it was not ( 22 ) the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic ( 23 ) , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the ( 24 ) of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution ( 25 ) up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading ( 26 ) through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures ( 27 ) the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that process in ( 28 ) . It is important to do so.

21.[A]between

[B]before

[C]since

[D]later

答案：between

小新说：解除本题所考查的介词处于文章的总述部分——“作者要在两个时间阶段之间做比较。然后说：但是很多事情发生了”。再去总结分述部分——“文章首段讲19世纪出现了许多信息产品”，正好支持总述的much had happened，19世纪处于两个时间段之间，答案一定是between。

总之，掌握好这些完型填空的小技巧，然后多做题多加练习，各位同学们一定可以达到更好的学习效果。但考研是贵在持之以恒，不间断的练习，成功终将属于你！

以上就是小新和大家分享的《考研支招：带你轻松搞定考研完形填空》了解更多英语学习资讯，欢迎登录广州新东方学校官网gz.xdf.cn进行查看。